Ship finance is one of EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW’s core areas of practice. We draft, review and negotiate financing and collateral agreements as well as syndicate and coordination agreements for lenders and borrowers. We assist our clients across the full range of questions relating to:
- Corporate financing with a maritime dimension
- Fleet and ship financings under bilateral and syndicated loans
- Working capital and guarantee facilities
- Promissory note loans (Schuldschein loans)
- ECA-covered financings (e.g. Euler Hermes, SACE, KEXIM)
- Leasing structures, including tax lease structures
- Shipyard financings
- Bridge and restructuring loans
- Refinancings
- Provision of securities and their registration in Germany, England and abroad
- Selected topics of banking supervisory law
- Licensing requirements for planned lending business models
- Advice on the private placement of a bond with a volume of approx. EUR 17.5 million, structuring of the bond terms and the collateral package.
- Advice on a EUR 5 million bond financing secured by ship mortgages.
- Advising a German bank on the financing of five capesize bulkers for a German shipping company, volume USD 75 million.
- Advising a shipping group on the refinancing of a fleet financing of USD 120 million.
- Advising a German Landesbank on the restructuring of its involvement in a large German shipping company with a total volume of around EUR 500 million related to single ship financing and corporate financing.
- Advising a shipping company on the redemption of a corporate financing for approx. 20 ships through a refinancing via a bond issue in Norway, including the reorganisation of the corporate structure and the transfer of the ships. Bond volume: USD 150 million.
- Advising a German bank on the restructuring of, among other matters, four financing transactions with a combined leasing structure, volume USD 74 million.
- Advising a German shipping company on questions of the requirements to obtain a permit in connection with ship financing.
- Advising a US shipping and investment company on the purchase, leasing and financing of two bulk carriers (USD 45 million).
- Advising a consortium of two German shipping companies on the bareboat charter and financing structure for two fixed and four optional container ships (USD 100 million).
- Advice on the Spanish and English tax lease systems for individual ships and fleets (USD 300 million).
- Advising an international bank consortium on the construction and long-term financing of several fishing vessels with a total volume of approx. USD 100 million.
Ship sale and purchase
EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW advises clients on all aspects of the acquisition, registration and sale and purchase of maritime assets. Our core competencies include the drafting and negotiation of sale and purchase agreements and all documents related to them as well as providing comprehensive support to clients in respect of sale and purchase transactions.
- Advising a fund on a sale and leaseback transaction involving several ships with a volume of approximately USD 60 million.
- Advising a US private equity fund on the acquisition of a fleet of ten ships with a total volume of approximately USD 250 million.
- Advising a German shipping group on the acquisition of a newbuilding fleet of 13 ships with a total volume of approx. USD 142 million.
- Advising a large German shipping company on an en bloc purchase and sale transaction of 22 ships with a total volume of USD 122 million.
- Advising an insolvency administrator on the sale of a large cruise ship within the framework of a specially developed bidding procedure.
- Advising a shipping company on the internal purchase and sale of a total of 11 bulkers and container ships with a total volume of USD 210 million.
- Sale and Lease Back with six ships and two Chinese lessors for a German shipping company.
- Advising various German shipping companies on extensive en bloc purchase and sale transactions of up to 25 ships in individual cases.
- Purchase and sale of yachts and super yachts.
- Numerous sales of ships for various insolvency administrators.
- Short-term sale of five vessels as part of a fleet sale.
- Sale of a chartered cruise ship.
- Fleet restructuring with partial sale and re-flagging of a total of eight ships of a German shipping company.
- Hundreds of ship purchases and sales for German and international clients.
Corporate law, mergers and acquisitions
We advise our clients on all corporate law issues. Our advice covers both partnerships and corporations. The extensive knowledge in the field of corporate law enables our lawyers to advise clients comprehensively on the merger and acquisition of companies as well as on investing in them. When buying and selling shipping companies, our clients can benefit not only from our corporate law expertise, but also from our very extensive knowledge in the shipping sector. Our legal services cover the following activities, for example:
- Legal examination of corporate entities and corporate structures
- Structuring of investment companies
- Establishment of partnerships, corporations and joint ventures
- Ongoing advice on corporate law for partnerships and corporations
- Advising board members and managing directors on e.g. liability risks
- Advising shareholders and other investors, e.g. on investment and shareholder agreements
- Restructuring and transformations
- Capital measures
- Group financing, in particular cash pooling
- Amendments to constitutional documents and shareholders’ agreements
- Formation of offshore companies e.g. on the Marshall Islands, Liberia, Malta, Cyprus or Singapore as well as draft powers of attorney and resolutions
- Integration of and efficient cooperation with tax advisors in Germany and worldwide
- Compliance issues and liability of managing directors
- Advising on the sale of the share package of the US-American anchor investor in a listed stock corporation.
- Advising an investment management company from Singapore on the establishment of a German subsidiary focusing on the transport sector.
- Advising a US-American private equity fund on the acquisition of all shares in a German shipping group with a total volume of approx. EUR 250 million.
- Advising a German shipping group on the acquisition of all shares in the shipping subsidiary of a Japanese group with a fleet of 13 ships.
- Advising a German shipping company on the sale of all shares in its operating Panamanian subsidiary.
- Advice on the acquisition of a nursing service by way of an asset deal.
- Advising an investment manager from Singapore on the establishment of a German subsidiary focusing on the transport sector.
- Advising a Norwegian investor on the establishment of a joint venture with a German shipping company.
- Advising a group of American investment funds on the establishment of an investment structure to invest in shipping companies.
- Advising a group of institutional and private investors on the creation of a Luxembourg SECAP structure to enable pension funds, life insurance companies, family offices and other institutional investors to invest in maritime assets.
- Advising two international investment companies from different jurisdictions on the establishment of a joint ship investment platform.
- Advising a German bank on the establishment of a corporate investment platform for the acquisition, financing and operation of ships.
Restructuring, reorganization and insolvency law
EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW has been providing extensive advice to our clients on restructuring and reorganisations where the existing financing is modified, replaced or supplemented by a new one already before the last financial and shipping crisis. We pay particular attention to the legal development of financing structures that have solid potential for the future and can survive also in a difficult market environment.
In addition, we advise our clients comprehensively on how to deal with the challenges posed by insolvency or the run-up to insolvency. The diversity of our services ranges from advice on rescission of contracts and liability risks in the event of the borrower’s insolvency to preparatory measures prior to filing for insolvency, to the sale of ships by private contract by the insolvency administrator or the auction of ships by the financing banks or other creditors. Our consulting services include among others:
- Restructuring of existing complex financing structures
- Negotiation and conclusion of restructuring agreements
- Refinancing operations
- Bridging and restructuring loans
- Standstill and deferral agreements
- Advice on reducing and avoiding rescission risks
- Advice on the evaluation of remediation appraisals
- Shareholder services such as shareholder loans and subordination agreements
- Granting of mass credits
- Insolvency plan proceedings
- Obligations to file for insolvency
- Negotiations with insolvency administrators
- Insolvency challenges
- Advising insolvency administrators on the private sale of ships
- International insolvency proceedings
- Advice and support in the enforcement of securities
- Advising a German bank on the restructuring of a Cypriot shipping company with a total of 9 bulk carriers and container ships, volume USD 180 million.
- Advising a shipping group with offices in Europe and Asia in connection with the restructuring and refinancing of its fleet.
- Advising a ship financing bank in connection with the crisis of a shipping group on questions concerning the law of the Marshall Islands.
- Advising two German banks on the division and restructuring of a total of 12 ship financings with a total value of USD 285 million.
- Advising a German bank on the restructuring of two financings totalling USD 80 million for a Belgian shipping company with a fleet of four ships, including a US Chapter 11 procedure and the arrest and auctioning of the ships in different jurisdictions.
- Advising an international banking syndicate on the transfer of a loan portfolio of over USD 100 million.
- Advising a bank consortium in English, German and Liberian law on the restructuring of a loan of more than USD 400 million and eight ships.
- Advising a consortium of banks on the negotiation and implementation of an insolvency plan for insolvency proceedings in the personal management of three German one-ship companies.
- Advising a German bank on the granting of a bulk loan with a volume of EUR 3,000,000 plus collateral package.
Arrest and compulsory auction of ships
EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW offers comprehensive legal advice in the event of the arrest or compulsory auction of ships both in Germany and abroad. This extends from the preparation of the necessary enforcement measures to their smooth implementation. In cooperation with a worldwide network of correspondent attorneys, we have extensive expertise in this field. Attorneys of our firm have advised in connection with the arrest and foreclosure in numerous port states worldwide.
- Arrest of a fleet of four bulk carriers in Poland, Malta, England and Gibraltar and subsequent auction of all four vessels in Gibraltar.
- Arrest and auction of two tankers in the Netherlands Antilles.
- Arrest and auction of a bulk carrier in Singapore.
- Auction of two container ships in the Netherlands and South Africa.
- Enforced sales and auctions of an Eastern European fleet at eight locations worldwide.
- Recycling of a Turkish fleet in Turkey.
- Several auctions in the People’s Republic of China.
- Advising shipping companies on ship arrest and conducting court proceedings to quickly lift the arrest.
- Advising creditors (suppliers, service providers) on the arrest of ships.
- Multiple ship auctions in several German ports.
- Representation of bidders in auction procedures.
- Representation of creditors in auction proceedings.
- Advising courts in auction proceedings.
- Expert opinions for foreign auction courts.
- Advising a creditor on the enforcement of his claim by taking advantage of the arrest of a ship in Dubai.
Registration
EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW has many years of in-depth experience in the registration of commercial vessels, yachts, ship mortgages and other security rights in all major maritime jurisdictions, but also in many other jurisdictions with less association to shipping. In addition to advice on the registration and re-flagging of ships, our attorneys offer comprehensive advice on all related issues.
- Advising a German shipping company on the registration of four tankers and financing.
- Advising a US investor on the purchase and registration of a cruise ship.
- Advising a US private equity fund on the acquisition and same-day registration of a fleet of ten ships in seven different shipping registers with a total volume of approximately USD 250 million.
- Advising a German shipping group on the acquisition and registration of a newbuilding fleet of 13 ships with a total volume of approximately USD 142 million.
- Advising a large German shipping company on an en bloc purchase and sale transaction and the simultaneous registration of 22 ships with a total volume of approx. USD 122 million.
- Advising a shipping company on the re-registration of a total of 11 bulkers and container ships with a total volume of approx. USD 210 million.
- Comprehensive daily services in the field of ship registrations in all fleet registers worldwide.
- Conducting opposition proceedings against ancillary wage subsidies.
- Participation in the establishment of an EU flag.
- Advising states on the establishment of a flag law.
Charter contracts
Our lawyers have extensive experience in drafting, reviewing and negotiating all types of charter and other ship employment contracts, including bareboat charters, time charters, voyage charters and contracts of affreightment. Our expertise covers all types of ships, including container ships, bulk carriers, tankers, LPG and LNG ships, multipurpose ships, heavy lift ships, platform suppliers and passenger ships.
We also advise on and draft pool agreements and negotiate these with the pool operators and partners.
- Design and negotiation of a multi-year bareboat charter in connection with an expedition cruise ship with a major German tour operator and organisation of delivery.
- Advising a Japanese shipping company in the negotiation of long-term charters for several LNG ships.
- Advising an international banking consortium on the review of charter agreements for ten container ships of a shipping company.
- Drafting and negotiation of numerous bareboat charter agreements in connection with sale and leaseback transactions.
- Advising a foreign bank on the valuation of a chartering agreement between a Turkish shipping company and a petroleum company.
- Draft and negotiation of a pool contract for a German shipping company for several container ships.
Ship management contracts
EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW advises shipping companies and ship managers on the negotiation and conclusion of ship management agreements. In a changing market environment, our clients benefit from our experience with regard to the increasing demands on transparency, quality and costs of ship management. We draft and negotiate both German and English law governed ship management agreements.
Our expertise in this area is also attractive for banks and other financiers, as ship management arrangements have a considerable impact on the success of the respective company and borrower. On behalf of the financiers, we review ship management agreements to ensure consistency with market practice.
- Advising a Japanese shipping company in the negotiation of ship management agreements for several LNG vessels.
- Advising a German Landesbank on the review of several ship management agreements in connection with the restructuring of a fleet consisting of five bulk carriers.
- Drafting and negotiation of the ship management contracts for three container ships for an Israeli shipping company.
- Advising an international banking consortium on the valuation of the ship management agreements for ten container ships of a shipping company.
- Drafting and negotiation of technical ship management contracts for the entire fleet of a German shipping company.
Shipbuilding
Since the firm was founded in 1982, EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW has advised on shipbuilding transactions with almost all major European, Asian and US shipyards.
We assist our clients through the entire shipbuilding process, giving advice in connection with preparatory agreements such as confidentiality agreements and letters of intent through to the negotiation and drafting of
- Shipbuilding contracts
- Repayment, payment and performance guarantees
- Construction supervision contracts
- Design contracts
- Repair contracts
- Conversion contracts
- Contracts for the purchase and installation of scrubbers
as well as all other agreements and documents relating to shipbuilding and the delivery of newbuildings. If necessary, we negotiate the contracts directly on site with the respective contracting parties.
Our services encompass the organisation and supervision of the delivery of newbuildings.
We also advise our clients during the construction period in the event conflicts and disputes arise.
- Advising a Croatian shipyard on the design and negotiation of a construction contract for a cruise ship for approx. 600 passengers.
- Advising a Japanese shipping company on a successful USD 500 million bidding process for the construction of LNG vessels including the negotiation of construction contracts and long-term charters as well as joint venture agreements, ship management contracts and two long-term financings secured by Japanese export insurance cover (English law).
- Advising a consortium between an American fund and a German shipping company on the construction, registration, financing and operation of eight container ships (English, German and Marshall Islands law – volume over USD 400 million).
- Advising a German shipping company on the negotiation of shipbuilding contracts for the construction of four tankers, their registration and financing.
- Advising a German shipping company on the construction contracts for two special transport ships in China.
- Advising a German shipping company on the construction contract for a special transport ship in the Netherlands.
- Advising a German shipping company on the contract for the conversion of a bulk carrier into a special transport ship in Eastern Europe.
- Numerous deliveries and registrations of new buildings in Asia and Europe for German and international clients.
- Advice and negotiation of construction contracts for two Ropax dual fuel ferries (USD 220 million).
- Review of several construction contracts of different shipyards for an LNG bunker ship.
Dispute resolution
We represent and advise our clients on English and German law as well as on the law of the Marshall Islands in court proceedings and in arbitration proceedings under all arbitration rules, such as the LMAA, GMAA, DIS, ICC and other arbitration organizations.
The firm’s attorneys have many years of experience in litigating before German and English courts and tribunals in disputes relating in particular to charter and ship management agreements, brokerage agreements, refund guarantees, supply agreements as well as shipbuilding and repair agreements.
- Representation of a client in order to enforce a charter claim in Dubai.
- Advising and representing a German shipowner in reclaiming the advance payments made prior to delivery and the interest accrued thereon from a Chinese shipyard and trading company due to the termination of three shipbuilding contracts due to default. Volume approx. USD 45,000.00.
- Representation of the plaintiff and the customer in a compensation action for the acceptance of a bribe by the defendant in connection with a shipbuilding contract.
- Representation of the defendant founding partner of a limited partnership, in which this partner was sued by the plaintiff limited partner for repayment of the nominal value of the limited partnership contribution.
- Representation of a defendant limited partnership in an action for payment of the purchase price for a ballast water system.
- Representation of a German plaintiff in connection with the declaration of enforceability of a German final judgment in New York.
- Advising and mediating (on behalf of the buyers as plaintiffs) a number of similar shipbuilding contracts, all terminated by the buyers due to excessive delay. Obtaining arbitral awards in arbitration proceedings and subsequent enforcement against the refund guarantors of the sellers.
- Arbitration on behalf of the defendant owners of a cruise ship who dispute with bareboat charterers over vibration, maintenance and repair issues.
- Mediation of an aborted purchase and sale dispute and thus the resolution of the associated arbitration proceedings.
- Advice in a complicated railway dispute and facilitation of a compromise solution with the other party.
- Advising various time charterers on disputes with owners and subcharterers in connection with, inter alia, the carriage of goods, piracy and bunker quality disputes.
- Advising clients (as buyers and sellers) on a number of related commodity contracts and defending claims in arbitration proceedings.
- Representation of several one-ship companies in connection with claims for damages against the shipyard and the former managing directors as well as the extraordinary termination of German ship management agreements (German courts).
- Representation of an advisory board due to the extraordinary termination of its advisory board mandate (German courts).
- Representation of a shareholder for embezzlement of company shares (Supreme Court Marshall Islands).
- Representation of a defendant one-ship company on account of pre-contractual claims for reimbursement of expenses arising from a shipbuilding contract (German courts).
Container transactions
EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW advises on all aspects of secured loan and leasing financing for containers and swap bodies. Our clients include banks, bank consortia and leasing companies as well as owners, operators and investment funds.
Our services in this area range from the creation of the necessary corporate structures in Germany, England or common offshore jurisdictions to the drafting and negotiation of financing, the registration of collateral agreements and the drafting of legal opinions on the effectiveness and enforceability of the collateral provided. We can also advise on container leasing and container management contracts.
- Advising a US investment fund on the granting of a warehouse-facility to finance containers and swap bodies.
- Advising German banks on the financing of container investment funds and the collateralisation of container portfolios in the management of the largest international container managers.
- Advising German leasing companies on the financing of container portfolios for container managers.
- Advising German banks on the enforceability of collateral on containers and preparation of legal opinions in accordance with the CRR.
Offshore
EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW offers comprehensive advice on all questions of private law in the growing offshore sector.
In connection with the further development of renewable energy, wind power plants off the coasts of Europe are increasingly being developed. Our law firm assists the initiators, constructors and operators of wind farms, drilling platforms and floating production facilities in the negotiations of construction, purchase and ship management agreements for the construction and supply ships, and also acts as advisors on the financing of these ships.
- Advising a bank on the construction and long-term financing of 12 SACE-covered anchor handling tractors with a total volume of approximately EUR 420 million.
- Advising a German shipping group on the negotiation of a construction contract and a charter agreement for a heavy lift vessel for offshore supply.
- Advising a shipping company on the negotiation of several construction contracts for installation ships.
- Advising a leasing company on the financing and registration of two hub islands.
- Negotiation of employment contracts for offshore supply vessels for use in wind farms.
Cruise
EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW advises clients on the negotiation and preparation of financing and collateral documentation for the construction of cruise ships, often with the involvement of export credit insurers. Our consulting services also include the review and negotiation of construction, equipment and supply contracts.
- Advising the consortium leader of a consortium consisting of 5 banks on a EUR 450 million construction time framework loan agreement for the financing of up to 6 new cruise shipbuildings.
- Advising a Croatian shipyard on the design and negotiation of a construction contract for a cruise ship for approx. 600 passengers.
- Advising the consortium leader of a consortium consisting of 8 banks on a EUR 450 million construction time framework loan agreement for the financing of up to 8 new cruise shipbuildings.
- Negotiation of a conversion contract for a cruise ship for the owner with a German shipyard.
- Advising the consortium leader of a consortium consisting of 12 banks on a EUR 400 million construction time framework loan agreement for the financing of the construction of a new cruise ship.
- Advising the consortium leader of a consortium consisting of 10 banks on a EUR 600 million construction time framework loan agreement for the financing of up to 2 new cruise shipbuildings.
- Advising a German bank on the financing of a passenger ship with a volume of approx. EUR 15 million.
- Design and negotiation of a multi-year bareboat charter in connection with an expedition cruise ship with a major German tour operator and organisation of delivery.
Superyachts
EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW have comprehensive knowledge and extensive expertise in the luxury superyacht sector.
We are familiar with the requirements of market participants and the special features of this particular sector and, with our many years of experience, can advise our clients according to requirements.
We accompany our clients through all phases of a project, including the negotiation of the construction or purchase contract, the construction supervision contract, the design contract, any financing, the delivery and registration and chartering of superyachts.
Our experience covers English, German and Marshall Islands law with an international team of experts.
- Advising the buyer on the acquisition and subsequent sale of a superyacht
- Advising the buyer of a superyacht in connection with the construction and financing of the newbuilding
- Advising the buyer of a luxury superyacht in connection with the negotiation of the construction contract
- Advising the shipyard in connection with the renegotiation of construction contracts for several superyachts
- Drafting of shipbuilding and sales contracts for superyachts
- Registration of superyachts
Marshall Islands law
Dr. Stefan Rindfleisch and Dr. Klaus Dimigen have been admitted to the Marshall Islands bar in 2005, and since then EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW has been providing clients with comprehensive Marshall Islands legal advice.
Advice is primarily in the areas of corporate and maritime law. With respect to the former, Stefan Rindfleisch and Klaus Dimigen advise on the formation of companies, draft complex constitutional documents and advise on all other questions of corporate law, including, for example, joint ventures, shareholder disputes and also the various issues relating to the dissolution of companies. As regards Marshall Islands maritime law, EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW advises on all aspects, such as ship mortgages and the registration of ships under the flag of the Marshall Islands.
Stefan Rindfleisch and Klaus Dimigen also regularly prepare legal opinions on Marshall Islands law, especially in the areas of corporate law as well as general and maritime commercial law.
Litigation before the courts of the Marshall Islands is a further area of expertise with Klaus Dimigen in particular having many years of experience.
- Draft of a pledge of shares in a Marshall Island company worth USD 33.5 million, revision of company documents and submission of a legal opinion for a Bahraini bank.
- Draft of first- and second-ranking ship mortgages for a total of USD 45 million in favour of a German consortium of banks as well as review of corporate documents and submission of a legal opinion.
- Drafting of pledges of shares in five Marshall Island companies, drafting and reviewing of company and transaction documents, and submission of a legal opinion in favour of a Turkish factoring company.
- Providing a legal opinion and review of corporate and transaction documents with regard to two ship financings, as well as drafting ship mortgages of EUR 30 million for a Turkish bank.
- Draft of a pledge of shares in a Marshall Islands company worth USD 224.7 million and submission of a legal opinion for a Lebanese bank.
- Drafting and review of corporate and transaction documents, as well as ship mortgages, with regard to the financing of three ships under the flag of Marshall Islands with a value of USD 90 million and submission of a legal opinion for an international banking consortium led by a German consortium leader.
- Issuance of legal opinions with respect to a Marshall Islands company listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) for a custodian trust company.
- Advice on Marshall Islands law with regard to the holding of a shareholders’ meeting of a listed shipping company.
- Preparation of an expert opinion with regard to the relocation of the registered office of Marshall Islands companies to Malta.
- Proceedings before the Supreme Court Marshall Islands in the representation of a shareholder for embezzlement of company shares.
General Commercial law
EHLERMANN RINDFLEISCH GADOW advises clients on all questions of German and international contract, commercial and business law. We support our clients in all questions of commercial law in their day-to-day business. Our range of services includes:
- drafting, reviewing and negotiating contracts, such as:
- Contracts for work and delivery of work
- Service contracts
- Distribution agreements
- Transport, storage and logistics contracts
- Purchase-, rental and supply contracts
- Joint venture agreements
- Cooperation-, license and development contracts
- Non-disclosure and Confidentiality agreements
- Agreements on the legal and factual nature and quality assurance agreements
- Leasing agreements
- Outsourcing agreements
- Advice on warranty and liability issues, including the enforcement or defence of claims
- Drafting and revision of general terms and conditions (e.g. conditions of purchase or sale, conditions of use, conditions of participation, etc.)
- Advising the customer on contract negotiations for the construction of steel prototypes by companies at several locations, order volume approx. EUR 30 million.
- Advising a German engineering and logistics service provider in connection with the planning, manufacture and transportation of individual components for a major project as part of a main contractor/subcontractor relationship, order volume approx. EUR 20 million.
- Advising a buyer on the acquisition of ships and their subsequent conversion into special units for non-shipping-related use, order volume approx. EUR 50 million.
- Advising a German group of companies on the conclusion of several cooperation agreements, framework agreements and subcontracts in connection with the construction of steel blocks; advising on legal disputes with subcontractors.
- Advising a German shipping group in connection with the negotiation of a cooperation with a Singapore based mining group and a US based private equity fund.
- Advising an asset manager in connection with the defence of his principal’s claims under the service agreement and with the termination of the joint venture, contract volume approx. EUR 2.5 million.
- Advising a German industrial company on the conclusion of a joint venture agreement with an Indian joint venture partner.
- Advising a Ukrainian start-up company on the negotiation and drafting of confidentiality and cooperation agreements as well as a purchase agreement for the acquisition of receivables from a large German-based oil company.
- Advising an international group of companies on export transactions with a German client and their collateralization.
- Advising foreign investors in connection with the acquisition of a group of companies and assessing the legal risks in company documents, existing lease, financing and service agreements and other contracts.
- Advice on cease and desist declarations relating to the management of ships.